Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
EpiPen
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Articadent
Lixtraxen 1%
LIDOCAINE HCl
EPY II Kit
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Septanest Sp
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Lidosite
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Orabloc 1:100,000
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Xylocaine MPF
Leep RediKit
Prime Asthma Relief
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Vasocaine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Orabloc
D-Care 100X
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Primatene Mist
Ephinephrine
Lignospan Standard
Adrenalin
Ultracaine DS Inj
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
EpinephrineSnap-V
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Posicaine Sp
Xylocaine
Pro Numb
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine E
Octocaine 100
The Solution
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Primatene Mist Refill
Epinephrine Professional
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Allerject
EPY Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Dysne Inhal
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Septocaine
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Taroclick Epinephrine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Lidocaine
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Zorcaine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Epinephrine Injection
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Emerade
Adyphren Kit
Octocaine 50
Anapen
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Citanest Forte
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Posicaine N
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Auvi-Q
EpiPen Jr
Anapen Junior
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Zone 2
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Sensorcaine Mpf
Symjepi
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine
Ultacan
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Epipen Jr
Orabloc 1:200,000
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Adyphren Amp Kit
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
QKit Procedure Tray
Epinephrine Injection USP
Sensorcaine Forte
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Twinject
Adyphren II Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Minnerva II
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Adrenaclick
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Orostat 8%
Septanest N
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Epipen
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Medihaler-Epi
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Vivacaine
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Gingi-pak Pellets
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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