Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Neffy
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Epipen
EpiPen Jr
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Xylocaine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Adyphren Amp II Kit
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Articadent
EpinephrineSnap-V
Lidocaine
Lignospan Forte
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Adrenaclick
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Septanest N
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Zone 2
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Articaine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Lixtraxen 1%
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Ephinephrine
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Epinephrine
Adyphren II Kit
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Epinephrine Injection
Epinephrinesnap-V
Pro Numb
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Numquick Analgesic
Epinephrine Professional
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Twinject
Orabloc
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Primatene Mist
Adrenalin
Epipen Jr
Marcaine with Epinephrine
QKit Procedure Tray
Adrenalin Vials
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Ana-kit
Octocaine 100
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Septanest Sp
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine E
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Symjepi
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Primatene Mist Refill
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Zorcaine
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Septocaine and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Adyphren Amp Kit
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Minnerva II
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Posicaine N
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Marcaine
Octocaine 50
LIDOCAINE HCl
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
The Solution
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
EPY Kit
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Prime Asthma Relief
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
D-Care 100X
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Sensorcaine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Allerject
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Pediatrics
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Septocaine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hci
Orostat 8%
Sensorcaine Mpf
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
EpiPen
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Citanest Forte
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Ultracaine DS Inj
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Taroclick Epinephrine
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Orabloc 1:200,000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Gingi-pak Pellets
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Lignospan Standard
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Emerade
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Anapen Junior
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Adrenalin(r)
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Ultacan
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Leep RediKit
Orabloc 1:100,000
Vasocaine
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Xylocaine MPF
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Vivacaine
Epinephrine Injection USP
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Adyphren Kit
Auvi-Q
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
EPY II Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
